CSC

fdolmove

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Function

Description

Algorithm

This program is compatible with fewer computer systems than the other programs in PHYLIP. It can be adapted to PCDOS systems or to any system whose screen or terminals emulate DEC VT100 terminals (such as Telnet programs for logging in to remote computers over a TCP/IP network, VT100-compatible windows in the X windowing system, and any terminal compatible with ANSI standard terminals). For any other screen types, there is a generic option which does not make use of screen graphics characters to display the character states. This will be less effective, as the states will be less easy to see when displayed.

Usage

% fdolmove 
Interactive Dollo or Polymorphism Parsimony
Phylip character discrete states file: dolmove.dat
Phylip tree file (optional): 
NEXT? (R # + - S . T U W O F H J K L C ? X Q) (? for Help): Q
Do you want to write out the tree to a file? (Y or N): Y


Interactive Dollo or polymorphism parsimony, version 3.69

 5 species,   6 characters


Computing steps needed for compatibility in sites ...


(unrooted)                           5.0 Steps             4 chars compatible
Dollo               
  ,-----------5:Epsilon   
--9  
  !  ,--------4:Delta     
  `--8  
     !  ,-----3:Gamma     
     `--7  
        !  ,--2:Beta      
        `--6  
           `--1:Alpha     


Tree written to file "dolmove.treefile"

Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example

Command line arguments

Interactive Dollo or Polymorphism Parsimony
Version: EMBOSS:6.3.0

   Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
  [-infile]            discretestates File containing data set
  [-intreefile]        tree       Phylip tree file (optional)

   Additional (Optional) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
   -weights            properties Weights file
   -ancfile            properties Ancestral states file
   -factorfile         properties Factors file
   -method             menu       [d] Parsimony method (Values: d (Dollo); p
                                  (Polymorphism))
   -thresh             toggle     [N] Use threshold parsimony
*  -threshold          float      [1] Threshold value (Number 0.000 or more)
   -initialtree        menu       [Arbitary] Initial tree (Values: a
                                  (Arbitary); u (User); s (Specify))
   -screenwidth        integer    [80] Width of terminal screen in characters
                                  (Any integer value)
   -screenlines        integer    [24] Number of lines on screen (Any integer
                                  value)
   -outtreefile        outfile    [*.fdolmove] Phylip tree output file
                                  (optional)

   Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers: (none)
   Associated qualifiers:

   "-outtreefile" associated qualifiers
   -odirectory         string     Output directory

   General qualifiers:
   -auto               boolean    Turn off prompts
   -stdout             boolean    Write first file to standard output
   -filter             boolean    Read first file from standard input, write
                                  first file to standard output
   -options            boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
   -debug              boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
   -verbose            boolean    Report some/full command line options
   -help               boolean    Report command line options and exit. More
                                  information on associated and general
                                  qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
   -warning            boolean    Report warnings
   -error              boolean    Report errors
   -fatal              boolean    Report fatal errors
   -die                boolean    Report dying program messages
   -version            boolean    Report version number and exit

Input file format

(0,1) Discrete character data

These programs are intended for the use of morphological systematists who are dealing with discrete characters, or by molecular evolutionists dealing with presence-absence data on restriction sites. One of the programs (PARS) allows multistate characters, with up to 8 states, plus the unknown state symbol "?". For the others, the characters are assumed to be coded into a series of (0,1) two-state characters. For most of the programs there are two other states possible, "P", which stands for the state of Polymorphism for both states (0 and 1), and "?", which stands for the state of ignorance: it is the state "unknown", or "does not apply". The state "P" can also be denoted by "B", for "both".

There is a method invented by Sokal and Sneath (1963) for linear sequences of character states, and fully developed for branching sequences of character states by Kluge and Farris (1969) for recoding a multistate character into a series of two-state (0,1) characters. Suppose we had a character with four states whose character-state tree had the rooted form:

               1 ---> 0 ---> 2
                      |
                      |
                      V
                      3

so that 1 is the ancestral state and 0, 2 and 3 derived states. We can represent this as three two-state characters:

                Old State           New States
                --- -----           --- ------
                    0                  001
                    1                  000
                    2                  011
                    3                  101

The three new states correspond to the three arrows in the above character state tree. Possession of one of the new states corresponds to whether or not the old state had that arrow in its ancestry. Thus the first new state corresponds to the bottommost arrow, which only state 3 has in its ancestry, the second state to the rightmost of the top arrows, and the third state to the leftmost top arrow. This coding will guarantee that the number of times that states arise on the tree (in programs MIX, MOVE, PENNY and BOOT) or the number of polymorphic states in a tree segment (in the Polymorphism option of DOLLOP, DOLMOVE, DOLPENNY and DOLBOOT) will correctly correspond to what would have been the case had our programs been able to take multistate characters into account. Although I have shown the above character state tree as rooted, the recoding method works equally well on unrooted multistate characters as long as the connections between the states are known and contain no loops.

However, in the default option of programs DOLLOP, DOLMOVE, DOLPENNY and DOLBOOT the multistate recoding does not necessarily work properly, as it may lead the program to reconstruct nonexistent state combinations such as 010. An example of this problem is given in my paper on alternative phylogenetic methods (1979).

If you have multistate character data where the states are connected in a branching "character state tree" you may want to do the binary recoding yourself. Thanks to Christopher Meacham, the package contains a program, FACTOR, which will do the recoding itself. For details see the documentation file for FACTOR.

We now also have the program PARS, which can do parsimony for unordered character states.

Input files for usage example

File: dolmove.dat

     5    6
Alpha     110110
Beta      110000
Gamma     100110
Delta     001001
Epsilon   001110

Output file format

If the A option is used, then the program will infer, for any character whose ancestral state is unknown ("?") whether the ancestral state 0 or 1 will give the fewest changes (according to the criterion in use). If these are tied, then it may not be possible for the program to infer the state in the internal nodes, and many of these will be shown as "?". If the A option is not used, then the program will assume 0 as the ancestral state.

When reconstructing the placement of forward changes and reversions under the Dollo method, keep in mind that each polymorphic state in the input data will require one "last minute" reversion. This is included in the counts. Thus if we have both states 0 and 1 at a tip of the tree the program will assume that the lineage had state 1 up to the last minute, and then state 0 arose in that population by reversion, without loss of state 1.

When DOLMOVE calculates the number of characters compatible with the tree, it will take the F option into account and count the multistate characters as units, counting a character as compatible with the tree only when all of the binary characters corresponding to it are compatible with the tree.

Output files for usage example

File: dolmove.treefile

(Epsilon,(Delta,(Gamma,(Beta,Alpha))));

Data files

Notes

References

Warnings

Diagnostic Error Messages

Exit status

Known bugs

See also

Author(s)

Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team (emboss-bug © emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.

History

Converted (August 2004) to an EMBASSY program by the EMBOSS team.

Target users